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The mourning dove (''Zenaida macroura'') is a member of the dove family, (Columbidae). The bird is also called the turtle dove or the American mourning dove or rain dove, and formerly was known as the Carolina pigeon or Carolina turtledove.〔Torres, J.K. (1982) ''The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, p. 730, ISBN 0517032880〕 It is one of the most abundant and widespread of all North American birds. It is also the leading gamebird, with more than 20 million birds (up to 70 million in some years) shot annually in the U.S., both for sport and for meat. Its ability to sustain its population under such pressure stems from its prolific breeding: in warm areas, one pair may raise up to six broods a year. The wings can make an unusual whistling sound upon take-off and landing, a form of sonation. The bird is a strong flier, capable of speeds up to . Mourning doves are light grey and brown and generally muted in color. Males and females are similar in appearance. The species is generally monogamous, with two squabs (young) per brood. Both parents incubate and care for the young. Mourning doves eat almost exclusively seeds, but the young are fed crop milk by their parents. == Taxonomy == The mourning dove is closely related to the eared dove (''Zenaida auriculata'') and the Socorro dove (''Zenaida graysoni''). Some authorities describe them as forming a superspecies and these three birds are sometimes classified in the separate genus ''Zenaidura'',〔 but the current classification has them as separate species in the genus ''Zenaida''. In addition, the Socorro dove has at times been considered conspecific with the mourning dove, although several differences in behavior, call, and appearance justify separation as two different species.〔 While the three species do form a subgroup of ''Zenaida'', using a separate genus would interfere with the monophyly of ''Zenaida'' by making it paraphyletic.〔 There are five subspecies of mourning dove: * Eastern ''Z. m. carolinensis'' (Linnaeus, 1766) * Clarion Island ''Z. m. clarionensis'' (C.H.Townsend, 1890) * West Indian ''Z. m. macroura'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * Western ''Z. m. marginella'' (Woodhouse, 1852) * Panama ''Z. m. turturilla'' Wetmore, 1956 The ranges of most of the subspecies overlap a little, with three in the United States or Canada.〔 The West Indian subspecies is found throughout the Greater Antilles.〔NRCS p3〕 It has recently invaded the Florida Keys.〔 The eastern subspecies is found mainly in eastern North America, as well as Bermuda and the Bahamas. The western subspecies is found in western North America, including parts of Mexico. The Panamanian subspecies is located in Central America. The Clarion Island subspecies is found only on Clarion Island, just off the Pacific coast of Mexico.〔 The mourning dove is sometimes called the "American mourning dove" to distinguish it from the distantly related mourning collared dove (''Streptopelia decipiens'') of Africa.〔 It was also formerly known as the "Carolina turtledove" and the "Carolina pigeon". The species' scientific name was bestowed in 1838 by French zoologist Charles L. Bonaparte in honor of his wife, Princess Zénaide.〔"100 Birds and How They Got Their Names, by Diana Wells (Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2002) p.193)〕 The "mourning" part of its common name comes from its call. It was thought to be the passenger pigeon's closest living relative, based on morphological grounds. The mourning dove was even suggested to belong to the same genus, ''Ectopistes'', and was listed by some authors as ''E. carolinensis''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mourning dove」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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